Since infection is a common indication for TMA, patients undergoing this procedure face a high risk of developing surgical site infections. Study design and scope A systematic review of global databases identified five studies (two clinical trials, three observational) covering 378 procedures and four interventions to reduce surgical site infections following TMA. Key outcomes Antibiotic beads embedded in tissue before closure reduced infection rates. Negative Pressure Woun

U.S. veterans face elevated limb-loss risk due to high rates of diabetes and peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and a minor amputation is often not the end of the story. The big picture In a March 2026 study , researchers followed 62,295 veterans with both diabetes and PAD. Among those who had a minor amputation (toe or forefoot), 20.4% required a major amputation (below- or above-knee) within five years. Key details Black and male veterans experienced disproportiona